What is Reported Speech?
Reported Speech is when you tellsomebody else what you or a person said before.
Distinction must be made between Direct Speech and Reported Speech.
Direct Speech Vs Reported Speech:
D/S: She said : '' I like tuna fish.'' R/S: She said that She liked tuna fish.When you use reported speech , you either report: ( statements/ questions / requests /commands.
A:Reporting statements:whenen transforming statements check whether you have to change: Pronouns/ Ttenses/ Place and time expressions.
1) pronouns: in reported speech ,you often have to change the pronoun depending on on who says what.
Example : She says , ''My dad likes roast chicken.''
She says that her dad likes roast chicken.
2) Tenses: if the sentense starts in the present, there is no backshift of tenses in reported speech.
No backshift (= means do notchange the tense if the introductory clause is in the present tense ( e.g. He says) but you might have to change the form of the present tense verb ( 3rd person singular.)
Example: He says , '' I write poems.'' R/S : He says that He writes poems.
Backshift= you must change the tense if the introductory verbis in the past tense .
Example: He said , '' I am happy.' R/S : He said that He was happy.
Example of main changes in tenses :
Simple present / Simple past
Present progressive / Past progressive
Simple past / Past perfect
Present perfect / Past perfect
Past perfect / Past perfect
Past progressive / Past perfect progressive'
Past perfect progressive / Past perfect progressive
Future simple / Conditional
Conditional / Conditional.
The modal verbs: could / should / would / might / needn't / aught to / used to, do not normally change. Example: He said, " She might be right. '' / He said that she might be right.The different changes of place, demostratives and time expressions:
D/S: today _____________________ R/S: that day
now _______________________ then
yesterday____________________ the day before / The previous day
2...4 or 5 days ago_____________ 2...4.....5 days before
last week______________________ the week before
next year_____________________ the following year
tomorrow_____________________ the next day / the following day .
Place: D/S / Here________________ there
Demonstratives: this ________________ that
these _____________ those
- معلم: saida hassani