Geometrical Optics
This module introduces the fundamental principles of optics through the ray model. We analyze light propagation in transparent media, image formation across interfaces, and the design of complex optical instruments.
01
Fundamental Laws
Rectilinear propagation, Snell-Descartes laws, and Fermat’s principle of least time.
\( n_1 \sin(i_1) = n_2 \sin(i_2) \)
Huygens Construction
Refractive Index
02
Mirrors
Image construction and position formulas for plane and spherical reflective surfaces.
\( \frac{1}{v} + \frac{1}{u} = \frac{1}{f} \)
[Image of concave and convex mirror ray diagrams]
Catoptrics
Virtual Images
03
Diopters
Refraction at plane and spherical interfaces. Mastery of conjugation and magnification.
\( \frac{n_2}{v} - \frac{n_1}{u} = \frac{n_2 - n_1}{R} \)
Stigmatism
Gauss Conditions
04
Prisms
Study of light deviation and chromatic dispersion formulas through triangular media.
\( \delta = i + i' - A \)
[Image of light dispersion through a prism]
Spectroscopy
Minimum Deviation
05
Thin Lenses
Position formulas and geometric ray construction for centered optical systems.
\( \frac{1}{f'} = (n-1)(\frac{1}{R_1} - \frac{1}{R_2}) \)
Convergence
Image Nature
06
Optical Instruments
Application to the human eye, magnifying glasses, microscopes, and telescopes.
\( G = \frac{\alpha'}{\alpha} \)
Accommodation
Angular Magnification
Phys 302: Geometrical Optics Module
Moodle Course Pack v2025
- معلم: Mehieddine BOUATROUS